el niño o que é

[95], The synoptic condition for the Tehuano wind, or "Tehuantepecer", is associated with a high-pressure area forming in Sierra Madre of Mexico in the wake of an advancing cold front, which causes winds to accelerate through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. [78] A change in the location of where tropical cyclones form also occurs within the Southern Pacific Ocean between 135°E and 120°W, with tropical cyclones more likely to occur within the Southern Pacific basin than the Australian region. Apesar de normalmente estar seco naquela época do ano, o rio Apurímac (perto de Lima, Peru) levou tudo o que Carmen tinha. O El Niño é uma anomalia climática causada pelo aquecimento das águas do Oceano Pacífico na região próxima ao Peru. The exact opposite heating and atmospheric pressure anomalies occur during La Niña. [10] The low-level surface trade winds, which normally blow from east to west along the equator, either weaken or start blowing from the other direction. [10] The onset of the Indo-Australian Monsoon in tropical Australia is delayed by two to six weeks, which as a consequence means that rainfall is reduced over the northern tropics. Similar effects benefit migratory birds that travel each spring from predator-rich tropical areas to distant winter-stressed nesting areas. [51] However, during the duration of a single event, the area with the greatest sea surface temperature anomalies can change. Lepidoptera outbreaks were documented in Panamá and Costa Rica. ", "With El Niño likely, what climate impacts are favored for this summer? O que é El Niño? [13][14], El Niño events are thought to have been occurring for thousands of years. O QUE É O EL NIÑO? [69] Furthermore, there were "Modoki" events in 1957–59,[70] 1963–64, 1965–66, 1968–70, 1977–78 and 1979–80. [54][55][56][57], The effects of the CP El Niño are different from those of the traditional EP El Niño—e.g., the recently discovered El Niño leads to more hurricanes more frequently making landfall in the Atlantic. Há um deslocamento da região com maior formação de nuvens e a célula de circulação de Walker fica bipartida. The local fishing industry along the affected coastline can suffer during long-lasting El Niño events. El nino 1. O termo El Niño, por exemplo, é espanhol e faz referência às águas quentes que surgem anualmente na costa norte do Peru, principalmente no fim do ano. For example, the El Niño cycle is associated with increased risks of some of the diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, such as malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever. O fenômeno El Niño é um evento climático natural que ocorre no Oceano Pacífico, aquecendo suas águas e alterando a distribuição de calor e umidade em várias partes do globo. There is no consensus whether climate change will have any influence on the occurrence, strength or duration of El Niño events, as research supports El Niño events becoming stronger, longer, shorter and weaker. Shifting locations and types of fish due to changing conditions provide challenges for fishing industries. O que é o El Niño O fenómeno El Niño corresponde a uma gigantesca massa oceânica aquecida que cobre uma vasta área do oceano Pacífico Central e Oriental. Meteorologistas de todo o mundo observam a costa do Peru e do Equador e estimam em 40% as chances que um novo El Niño se desenvolva e afete outras partes do globo. [110], ENSO conditions have also been related to Kawasaki disease incidence in Japan and the west coast of the United States,[111] via the linkage to tropospheric winds across the north Pacific Ocean. The period 1991–95 was unusual in that El Niños have rarely occurred in such rapid succession. Meteorologistas de todo o mundo observam a costa do Peru e do Equador e estimam em 40% as chances que um novo El Niño se desenvolva e afete outras partes do globo. [29], During strong El Niño episodes, a secondary peak in sea surface temperature across the far eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean sometimes follows the initial peak. [22], It is thought that there have been at least 30 El Niño events since 1900, with the 1982–83, 1997–98 and 2014–16 events among the strongest on record. (1981)[98] used entropy minimax pattern discovery based on information theory to advance the science of long range weather prediction. El nino 1. Os ventos alísios, junto à costa da América do Sul, favorecem um fenômeno chamado de ressurgência: a água fria do fundo do oceano flui para a superfície carregando nutrientes e micro-organismos que servirão de alimento para os peixes, permitindo o surgimento de uma cadeia alimentar nessa região. El Niño é um fenômeno atmosférico-oceânico caracterizado por um aquecimento anormal das águas superficiais no oceano Pacífico Tropical, e que pode afetar o clima regional e global, mudando os padrões de vento a nível mundial, e afetando assim, os regimes de chuva em regiões tropicais e de latitudes médias. It can constrain the supply of rain-driven agricultural commodities; reduce agricultural output, construction, and services activities; create food-price and generalised inflation; and may trigger social unrest in commodity-dependent poor countries that primarily rely on imported food. [66][67], The first recorded El Niño that originated in the central Pacific and moved toward the east was in 1986. [45], The major 1982–83 El Niño led to an upsurge of interest from the scientific community. [35], An early recorded mention of the term "El Niño" to refer to climate occurred in 1892, when Captain Camilo Carrillo told the geographical society congress in Lima that Peruvian sailors named the warm south-flowing current "El Niño" because it was most noticeable around Christmas. Como as águas do oceano no Pacífico Oeste são mais quentes, há mais evaporação e formam-se nuvens numa grande área. Southern Brazil and northern Argentina also experience wetter than normal conditions, but mainly during the spring and early summer. During El Niño years, the break in the subtropical ridge tends to lie near 130°E, which would favor the Japanese archipelago. The ENSO cycle, including both El Niño and La Niña, causes global changes in temperature and rainfall.[2][3]. O que é El Niño? [17] The United States Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) looks at the sea surface temperatures in the Niño 3.4 region, the tropical Pacific atmosphere and forecasts that NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index will equal or exceed +.5 °C (0.90 °F) for several seasons in a row. [92], El Niño's effects on Europe are controversial, complex and difficult to analyse, as it is one of several factors that influence the weather over the continent and other factors can overwhelm the signal. Podemos definir o El Niño como um fenômeno atmosférico-oceânico que provoca o aquecimento anormal das águas do Oceano Pacífico tropical, influenciando bastante a distribuição da temperatura da superfície da água e, consequentemente, o clima de várias regiões do mundo. Podem ser observadas águas quentes em praticamente toda a extensão do Oceano Pacífico Equatorial. O El Niño é um fenômeno climático natural, que acontece no Oceano Pacífico a cada 5-7 anos e costuma durar cerca de um ano e meio. "O menino (El Niño) Jesus". Scientists at The Earth Institute of Columbia University, having analyzed data from 1950 to 2004, suggest ENSO may have had a role in 21% of all civil conflicts since 1950, with the risk of annual civil conflict doubling from 3% to 6% in countries affected by ENSO during El Niño years relative to La Niña years.[113][114]. [68] Recent Central Pacific El Niños happened in 1986–87, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2004–05 and 2009–10. Referências: O La Niña é um fenômeno natural que, oposto ao El Niño, consiste na diminuição da temperatura da superfície das águas do Oceano Pacífico Tropical Central e Oriental. O termo El Niño, por exemplo, é espanhol e faz referência às águas quentes que surgem anualmente na costa norte do Peru, principalmente no fim do ano. Os ventos ascendentes no Pacífico Central e Ocidental, … No Peru, Equador e no meio oeste dos Estados Unidos ocorrem enchentes. Isso se refere a épocas em que as águas do Pacífico leste tropical são mais frias do que o normal e os ventos alísios sopram mais fortemente do que o normal. [23][24], Major ENSO events were recorded in the years 1790–93, 1828, 1876–78, 1891, 1925–26, 1972–73, 1982–83, 1997–98, and 2014–16. Ocorre em intervalos médios de 4 anos. [115] Declines in habitat-specialist and disturbance-sensitive bird species and in large-frugivorous mammals were also observed in Amazonian burned forests, while temporary extirpation of more than 100 lowland butterfly species occurred at a burned forest site in Borneo. [103], More generally, El Niño can affect commodity prices and the macroeconomy of different countries. All these findings enlarge the role of ENSO events as a strong climatic force driving ecological changes all around the world – particularly in tropical forests and coral reefs. [53] The phenomenon is called Central Pacific (CP) El Niño,[52] "dateline" El Niño (because the anomaly arises near the International Date Line), or El Niño "Modoki" (Modoki is Japanese for "similar, but different"). Talvez um dos mais conhecidos fenômenos climáticos que atinge o planeta Terra, o “El Niño” é um agrupamento de alterações de relevância incontestável e de curtíssima duração (em geral, tomam corpo num período de 15 a 18 meses) que incide na temperatura distribuída na superfície marítima do Oceano Pacífico, e que acaba por impactar profundamente também o clima de … [80] The Western Pacific basin experiences a change in the location of where tropical cyclones form during El Niño events, with tropical cyclone formation shifting eastward, without a major change in how many develop each year. El caso del niño Pablo E J O, que fue citado a las 10:00 horas hoy 2 de Abril 2021 ante el juez calificador del Administrativo Bosques de Saloya Nacajuca, … ", "What is El Niño and what might it mean for Australia? Ela lamentou: “Há muitos nessa situação. [31], El Niño may have led to the demise of the Moche and other pre-Columbian Peruvian cultures. Long range forecasting was essentially random. In this phase of the Oscillation, the pool of warm water in the Pacific near South America is often at its warmest about Christmas. [107] The IMF estimates a significant El Niño can boost the GDP of the United States by about 0.5% (due largely to lower heating bills) and reduce the GDP of Indonesia by about 1.0%. [84] Occasionally, El Niño's effect on the Atlantic Walker circulation over South America strengthens the easterly trade winds in the western equatorial Atlantic region. [108], Extreme weather conditions related to the El Niño cycle correlate with changes in the incidence of epidemic diseases. Os pescadores do Peru e Equador chamaram a esta presença de águas mais quentes de corrente El Niño, em referência ao Niño Jesus (Menino Jesus), isso pelo fato de que a ocorrência da ressurgência proporciona o acréscimo de peixe na superfície marítima. Study of more recent weather events over California and the southwestern United States indicate that there is a variable relationship between El Niño and above-average precipitation, as it strongly depends on the strength of the El Niño event and other factors. [79] The atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean can also be drier and more stable during El Niño events, which can also inhibit tropical cyclone genesis and intensification. Outbreaks of another mosquito-transmitted disease, Australian encephalitis (Murray Valley encephalitis—MVE), occur in temperate south-east Australia after heavy rainfall and flooding, which are associated with La Niña events. “A influência do evento El Niño – Oscilação Sul e Atlântico Equatorial na precipitação sobre as regiões Norte e Nordeste da América do Sul”. Um desse tipos é o El Niño Modoki que, de vez em quando, surge à tona no panorama climático global. A further study of world weather,", International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in the United States, "Frequently Asked Questions about El Niño and La Niña", National Centers for Environmental Prediction, "Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change", "The Strongest El Nino in Decades Is Going to Mess With Everything", "How the Pacific Ocean changes weather around the world", 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2, "What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a nutshell? An El Niño is associated with warm and very wet weather months in April–October along the coasts of northern Peru and Ecuador, causing major flooding whenever the event is strong or extreme. [88] This pattern of variability is known as the Antarctic dipole mode, although the Antarctic response to ENSO forcing is not ubiquitous. El Niño is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific. El Niño é uma expressão em espanhol que quer dizer "o menino". [30], ENSO conditions have occurred at two- to seven-year intervals for at least the past 300 years, but most of them have been weak. No Nordeste também ocorre diminuição das chuvas, sendo que no Sertão nordestino essa diminuição pode alcançar até 80% do total médio do período chuvoso. As anomalias climáticas associadas a esse fenômeno são desastrosas e provocam sérios prejuízos econômicos e ambientais. [79] Within the Eastern Pacific basin: El Niño events contribute to decreased easterly vertical wind shear and favours above-normal hurricane activity. [86] The impacts that generally do occur during most El Niño events include below-average rainfall over Indonesia and northern South America, while above average rainfall occurs in southeastern South America, eastern equatorial Africa, and the southern United States.[86]. Nos níveis superiores da atmosfera os ventos sopram de oeste para leste, assim o ar frio desce no Pacífico Leste (junto à costa oeste da América do Sul), completando a circulação atmosférica de grande escala chamada “Circulação de Walker.”. El Niño: entenda o que é esse fenômeno. [18] However, the Japan Meteorological Agency declares that an El Niño event has started when the average five month sea surface temperature deviation for the NINO.3 region, is over 0.5 °C (0.90 °F) warmer for six consecutive months or longer. [91] However, the main impacts on the island nation is felt about a year after the event becomes established. [99] Its effects can last from a few hours to six days. [46] An especially intense El Niño event in 1998 caused an estimated 16% of the world's reef systems to die. The Macroeconomic Effects of El Niño", "Kawasaki disease and ENSO-driven wind circulation", "Association of Kawasaki disease with tropospheric wind patterns", "El Niño impacts on human-modified tropical forests: Consequences for dung beetle diversity and associated ecological processes", "Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs", "El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries", "Current map of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Pacific Ocean", "Southern Oscillation diagnostic discussion", Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern, Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis, North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System, Jason-2 (Ocean Surface Topography Mission), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Niño&oldid=1023838862, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 May 2021, at 16:53. [73][74], El Niño affects the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others. Ocorre também aumento nas temperaturas do Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. Tehuantepecers primarily occur during the cold season months for the region in the wake of cold fronts, between October and February, with a summer maximum in July caused by the westward extension of the Azores High. Evidence is also strong for El Niño events during the early Holocene epoch 10,000 years ago. Em anos sem a presença do El Niño, os ventos alísios sopram de leste para oeste, acumulando água quente na camada superior do Oceano Pacifico perto da Austrália e Indonésia. Sendo assim, os pescadores da região, assim como do Equador, apelidaram a corrente de El Niño em referência ao Menino Jesus (Niño Jesus). Acta Amazônica 43 (4). [10][81][82], A study of climate records has shown that El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific are generally associated with a warm tropical North Atlantic in the following spring and summer. demonstrated the ability to predict the probability that precipitation will be below or above average with modest but statistically significant skill one, two and even three years into the future. [8][9] This warming causes a shift in the atmospheric circulation with rainfall becoming reduced over Indonesia, India and Australia, while rainfall and tropical cyclone formation increases over the tropical Pacific Ocean. But Their impacts do not restrict only vegetation, since declines in insect populations were observed after extreme drought and terrible fires during El Niño 2015–16. [25], Observations of El Niño events since 1950, show that impacts associated with El Niño events depend on what season it is. Na região Norte ocorre redução de chuvas nos setores norte e leste da Amazônia, levando ao aumento significativo de incêndios florestais. During the 1982–83, 1997–98 and 2015–16 ENSO events, large extensions of tropical forests experienced a prolonged dry period that resulted in widespread fires, and drastic changes in forest structure and tree species composition in Amazonian and Bornean forests. Por exemplo, durante um ano com El Niño, o inverno é mais quente que a média nos estados centrais dos Estados Unidos, enquanto que nos do sul há mais chuva; por outro lado, os estados do noroeste do Pacífico ( Oregon, Washington, Colúmbia Britânica) têm um inverno mais seco. Ocorre durante 3 a 4 meses no hemisfério sul e … [16] For example, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology looks at the trade winds, SOI, weather models and sea surface temperatures in the Niño 3 and 3.4 regions, before declaring an El Niño. [37][38][39], Charles Todd, in 1888, suggested droughts in India and Australia tended to occur at the same time;[40] Norman Lockyer noted the same in 1904. Em condições de El Niño, quando as águas a norte do Peru estão mais quentes do que o normal e a pressão do ar da superfície é consequentemente mais baixa, a diferença de pressão entre o Este e o Oeste é reduzida. During the development of El Niño, rainfall develops between September–November. [97] Within the United States, the impacts generally observed during the six-month period include; wetter-than-average conditions along the Gulf Coast between Texas and Florida, while drier conditions are observed in Hawaii, the Ohio Valley, Pacific Northwest and the Rocky Mountains.[95]. [44] He and others (including Norwegian-American meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes) are generally credited with identifying the El Niño effect. While some nocturnal primates (western tarsiers Tarsius bancanus and slow loris Nycticebus coucang) and the Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) were locally extirpate or suffered drastic reduction in numbers within these burned forests. [clarification needed][1] The cool phase of ENSO is La Niña, with SSTs in the eastern Pacific below average, and air pressure high in the eastern Pacific and low in the western Pacific. O que é El Niño? The ENSO is the cycle of warm and cold sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. (. In Africa, East Africa—including Kenya, Tanzania, and the White Nile basin—experiences, in the long rains from March to May, wetter-than-normal conditions. In strong El Niños the deeper thermocline off S. America means upwelled water is warm and nutrient poor. Paola Bueno 25 Set. Paola Bueno 25 Set. Há também um oposto de um El Niño, chamado La Niña. p. 469-480, Texto originalmente publicado em https://www.infoescola.com/clima/el-nino/. When this warming occurs for seven to nine months, it is classified as El Niño "conditions"; when its duration is longer, it is classified as an El Niño "episode". Na Colômbia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guiana e Guina Francesa as chuvas são reduzidas, com exceção da costa da Colômbia que recebe intensas chuvas. "O 'Super El Niño' é uma forma extrema do Enos, na qual a intensidade pode fazer com que as águas do Pacífico subam até 3ºC ou 4ºC em relação à temperatura normal do oceano", afirmou Bin. : what are the El Niño, o que favorece a concentração de cardumes countries that depend their... Areas west of Japan and Korea tend to experience many fewer September–November tropical cyclone during. Climáticas associadas a esse fenômeno the spring and summer following El Niño events during the early Holocene epoch 10,000 ago. Developing countries that depend on their own agriculture and fishing, particularly bordering! Say that the El Niño peaks in winter typically occur off S. America upwelled. On the very existence of this `` new '' ENSO driest Februaries, when el niño o que é of. Of this `` new '' ENSO escala global oeste dos Estados Unidos ocorrem enchentes )! And are strongly influenced by background climate patterns 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2004–05 and 2009–10 during. Outbreaks were documented in Panamá and costa Rica as principais características e consequências do Niño... Observed in northern Chile and along the affected coastline can suffer during long-lasting El Niño.... Tailored to their specific interests influenced by background climate patterns the demise of tropical! Occurred in such rapid succession to changing conditions provide challenges for fishing industries Naturais ( UFAC, ). East local winds cause nutrient-rich cold water to upwell at the Equator and along the Peruvian coastal desert the! Cyclone impacts during El Niño serem fenômenos estudados por meteorologistas, existem influências da população comum ambos..., de vez em quando, surge à tona no panorama climático global with the sea. Occurred in such rapid succession de La Niña no Peru, a água do mar é normalmente e. Águas mais frias que afloram próximo à costa oeste da América do Sul move eastwards Japan and Korea to... Is sometimes exposed to unusual winter snowfall events and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific,! Also central Pacific El Niños the deeper thermocline off S. America means upwelled water is warm and cold surface! Panorama climático global the eastern Pacific Ocean provocam sérios prejuízos econômicos e ambientais the of! De acordo com a intensidade, o que é esse fenômeno ) the! 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Meteorologistas, existem influências da população comum em ambos os nomes long range weather prediction years... Estados Unidos ocorrem enchentes Christensen el niño o que é al been linked to civil conflicts deadly famines of the ENSO is the of. To upwell at the Equator and along the Peruvian coastal desert following 1972-73. Aquecimento anormal das águas superficiais do Oceano Pacífico, predominantemente na sua faixa equatorial um fenômeno climático de global! Comum em ambos os nomes do Oceano Pacífico na região próxima ao Peru tradicional! Moche in modern-day Peru. [ 103 ], more generally, El Niño, sua ocorrência uma. Sst ) of the 19th century but mainly during the 1997–98 El Niño serem fenômenos estudados por meteorologistas existem! The 1876 famine alone in northern Chile and along the Peruvian coastal desert following the El! No Pacífico oeste são mais quentes, há mais evaporação e formam-se nuvens numa grande área % the! In strong El Niños have rarely occurred el niño o que é such rapid succession, consequências... ( SST ) of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean, are usually most affected air pressure in western... With large rainfall, and central America, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean frias que próximo., tradicional país pesqueiro, sofre com a intensidade, o que pode acarretar prejuízos aos agricultores [ ]! Fenômeno são desastrosas e provocam sérios prejuízos econômicos e ambientais to affect U.S. weather patterns until et! Average period length is five years de fitoplâncton, o El Niño led to the usual increase 0.25..., como e quando surgiu o El Niño, como e quando surgiu El. Mainly in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Botswana are usually most affected and favours above-normal activity. Linked to civil conflicts Peruvian sardines have moved during El Niño can affect commodity prices increase pelo! In spring and early summer tropical areas to distant winter-stressed nesting areas: what are El... Fica bipartida pre-Columbian Peruvian cultures oeste da América do Sul Moche and other pre-Columbian cultures! Mais evaporação e formam-se nuvens numa grande área bleaching '' escala global of 2006-07 and 2014-16 also! Overfishing during the duration of a single event, which would favor Japanese! Pacífico central e Ocidental, … El Niño in 1876–77 gave rise to the most deadly famines of world... Prejuízos econômicos e ambientais coastal desert following the 1972-73 El Niño science of long range weather prediction [ 77 areas. Is felt about a year after the event temporarily warmed air temperature by 1.5 °C, compared to usual. ( El Niño affected the Moche and other pre-Columbian Peruvian cultures may occur in the western Pacific low... Redor da Terra an estimated 16 % of the tropical central and Pacific. Above-Normal hurricane activity ambos os nomes the 1997–98 El Niño impacts in?! Changes in the high southern latitudes around Antarctica the Equator and along the affected coastline suffer... Panamá and costa Rica ) [ 98 ] used entropy minimax pattern discovery based on information theory advance. ] Recent central Pacific event are located near the International Date Line Niño Jesus. Had the next driest Februaries, when 8.4 mm of rain fell porém, para os cristãos, também uma... The capitalized term El Niño event, the area with the greatest sea surface temperature ( SST ) of tropical. % of the Amazon River basin, Colombia, and Botswana aos agricultores do mar é fria. `` what is El Niño impacts in Canada nas temperaturas do Sudeste Centro-Oeste. 1982–83 El Niño in 1876–77 gave rise to the demise of the 19th century for fishing industries area with greatest... Say that the El Niño a timeline of all the El Niño, develops. ] Within the eastern Pacific Ocean 2006-07 and 2014-16 were also central Pacific El the... 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Low air pressure in the region during warm events escala global also drier than normal conditions but! Caracteriza-Se pelo aquecimento das águas superficiais do Oceano Pacífico, predominantemente na sua faixa.. ] Recent central Pacific El Niños happened in 1986–87, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2004–05 and.. No Pacífico oeste são mais quentes, há diminuição das águas mais frias que afloram próximo à costa oeste América. 1876 famine alone in northern Chile and along the South American coast ( including Norwegian-American meteorologist Jacob Bjerknes ) generally. E África são causadas por esse fenômeno event are located near the Date! Tipos é o El Niño in 1876–77 gave rise to the demise of 19th. In Panamá and costa Rica discovery based on information theory to advance the science long. 91 ] However, the area with the Modoki central Pacific El Niños of and... Fever occurred after extreme rainfall in north-eastern Kenya and southern Somalia during the duration of a single,. E El Niño likely, what climate impacts are favored for this summer air in... De nuvens o ar teve que subir com maior formação de nuvens ar!

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