last days of mussolini

[55], At about 2:00 p.m. on 29 April, the American military authorities, who had by this time arrived in the city, ordered that the bodies be taken down and delivered to the city morgue for autopsies to be carried out. Mussolini's Death Found Few Mourners. [20], In any event, Longo instructed a communist partisan of the General Command, Walter Audisio, to go immediately to Dongo to carry out the order. [53] After a while, the bodies were hoisted up on to the metal girder framework of a half-built Standard Oil service station, and hung upside down on meat hooks. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Others have claimed that Mussolini (or Mussolini and Petacci together) committed suicide with cyanide capsules. The whereabouts of the body was kept a secret, even from Mussolini's family. He must be handed over to a tribunal of the people so it can judge him quickly. Only 4 left in stock (more on the way). Cart All. [44], In a book he wrote in the 1970s, Audisio argued that the decision to execute Mussolini taken at the meeting in Dongo of the partisan leaders on 28 April constituted a valid judgment of a tribunal under Article 15 of the CNLAI's ordinance on the Constitution of Courts of War. Template:Use dmy dates Last Days of Mussolini (Italian: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film co-written and directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. In Italian and English, 1974's THE LAST DAYS OF MUSSOLINI depicts the Italian dictator's final days of power. In the pre-dawn hours of April 29 the corpses of Mussolini, Petacci and 14 fellow fascists were placed in a truck and dumped like garbage in Milan’s Piazzale Loreto, a … DVD. Mussolini and his executioner The death of Benito Mussolini the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World scheduled to last 3 days to Hitler s chagrin. Ivanoe Bonomi, the prime minister, later denied that this was said with his government's authority or approval. ", "Mussolini's brain 'stolen for sale on eBay, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Benito_Mussolini&oldid=1023595477, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 May 2021, at 07:38. [46][note 4], During his dictatorship, representations of Mussolini's body—for example pictures of him engaged in physical labour either bare-chested or half-naked—formed a central part of fascist propaganda. Movie & TV guides. [67] Ian Kershaw notes that while it is uncertain whether Hitler was told the details of Mussolini’s death: if he did learn of the full gory tale, it could have done no more than confirm his anxiety to take his own life before it was too late, and to prevent his body from being seized by his enemies. [5], Slowly fighting their way up the Italian peninsula, the Allies took Rome and then Florence in the summer of 1944 and later that year they began advancing into northern Italy. Hitler installed Mussolini as the figurehead of the Social Republic of Italy (known informally as the Republic of Salo), a Nazi puppet state in German-occupied northern Italy. [8] Over the following week, with the military situation deteriorating, Mussolini vacillated between a number of options including making a last stand in the Alpine region of the Valtellina (the so-called Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano plan), fleeing to Switzerland, or attempting to negotiate a peaceful handover to the partisan leadership, the CLNAI,[note 2] or to the Allies. The extraordinary story of Italy's last Queen, who plotted against Mussolini, wanted to shoot Hitler and only reigned for 35 days, is to be … The documentary included an interview with Dorina Mazzola who said that her mother had seen the shooting. The tribunal condemned Mussolini and Petacci to death. Sometimes the death of a man has the power to move us, to make us stop what we’re doing, and to contemplate our common humanity and the cruelty of fate. He would deserve to be killed like a mangy dog.[27]. Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. [3], Later that year, Mussolini was rescued from prison in the Gran Sasso raid by German special forces and Hitler installed him as leader of the Italian Social Republic, a German puppet state set up in northern Italy and based at the town of Salò near Lake Garda. The tomb has become a neo-fascist place of pilgrimage. I read utter exhaustion, but not fear ... Mussolini seemed completely lacking in will, spiritually dead. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. [91], Newspaper articles, journals and websites, In fact, there has never been a determination by any governmental or judicial authority of a particular version of events. In 1966, the last piece of Mussolini’s body was returned to his widow as the United States handed over a sample of the dictator’s brain that was removed at autopsy and tested inconclusively for syphilis. The partisans seized Mussolini and Petacci. After spending 11 years in the cupboard of a Capuchin monastery, Mussolini’s body finally received a burial in the family crypt in his birthplace of Predappio, which has become a pilgrimage site for neo-fascists. Last Days of Mussolini (Italian: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film co-written and directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. In June 1940, he took the country into World War II on the side of Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler. [1] Comparisons have been made with the John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories,[20] and it has been described as the Italian equivalent of that speculation. Togliatti said he had done so by a radio message on 26 April 1945 with the words: Only one thing is needed to decide that they [Mussolini and the other fascist leaders] must pay with their lives: the question of their identity". On 25 April he fled Milan, where he had been based, and tried to escape to the Swiss border. [34] Although each of these accounts vary in detail, they are consistent on the main facts. Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce: Moseley, Ray: Amazon.sg: Books. At other times, however—and we have to be honest about this—it can make us feel contented, perhaps even happy. [31], Audisio and Lampredi left Milan for Dongo early on the morning of 28 April to carry out the orders Audisio had been given by Longo. No autopsy was carried out on Petacci. The … For 20 years, Mussolini had built a cult of personality with his image emblazoned on posters and newspapers. [13][20], By some accounts, on 26 April, Mussolini, now joined by his mistress Claretta Petacci, made several failed attempts to cross the border into Switzerland. Skip to main content.sg. By July 1943, the Allied invasion of Sicily and bombing of Rome caused the Italian high command and King Victor Emmanuel III to remove Mussolini from power and place him under house arrest. [42][43], Differences also exist with the account given by others involved, including Lazzaro and Bellini delle Stelle. 1959 Italian drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani. The delegations returned to Belluno via train and after greeting Hitler in the afternoon, Mussolini returned Last Days of Mussolini 176 Ray Moseley, The Last Days of Mussolini … [88][89] The first to put this forward was Franco Bandini in 1978. The identity of the triggerman remains a point of contention, but it was likely communist partisan commander Walter Audisio. Lampredi was undoubtedly an eyewitness and, because he prepared his narrative for the private records of the Communist Party – and not for publication – it was perceived that he had no motivation other than to tell the truth. It is said that the correspondence included offers from Churchill of peace and territorial concessions in exchange for Mussolini persuading Hitler to join the western Allies in an alliance against the Soviet Union. This generally accepted version is often termed the "official version", nevertheless. [13] It also issued a decree establishing popular courts, which included in its provisions what, in practice, would constitute a death sentence for Mussolini:[14]. The 61-year-old Italian dictator who sought to become a modern-day Julius Caesar had first risen to power more than two decades earlier when he became prime minister in 1922. Mussolini was laid to rest in a large stone sarcophagus. [23][24] In all, over fifty fascist leaders and their families were found in the convoy and arrested by the partisans. By April 25, 1945, however, the Third Reich was quickly losing its grip on northern Italy. Livraison gratuite (voir cond.). [20][1] At least 12 different individuals have been identified at various times as being responsible for carrying out the shooting. According to Longo, he did so with the words "go and shoot him". Films similar to or like Last Days of Mussolini. [81], The theory has been criticised for lacking any serious evidence, particularly on the existence of the correspondence with Churchill. [52][53][54] This mode of hanging had been used in northern Italy since medieval times to stress the "infamy" of the hanged. [29], Although several conflicting versions and theories of how Mussolini and Petacci died were put forward after the war, the account of Walter Audisio, or at least its essential components, remains the most credible and is sometimes referred to in Italy as the "official" version. Last Days of Mussolini: | | | Mussolini: ultimo atto| -Last Days of Mussolini- ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. Fifteen partisans had been shot there in August 1944 in retaliation for partisan attacks and Allied bombing raids, and their bodies had then been left on public display. [76], In his 1993 book Dongo: half a century of lies, the partisan leader Urbano Lazzaro repeated a claim he had made earlier that Luigi Longo and not Audisio, was "Colonnello Valerio". Cart All. According to Lonati, he and "John" went to the De Maria farmhouse in the morning of 28 April and killed Mussolini and Petacci at about 11:00 a.m.[81][86] In 2004, the Italian state television channel, RAI, broadcast a documentary, co-produced by Tompkins, in which the theory was put forward. [35][36] On arrival in Dongo, they met Bellini delle Stelle, who was the local partisan commander, to arrange for Mussolini to be handed over to them. [28] Longo subsequently gave a different story: he said that when he and Fermo Solari, a member of the Action Party (which was part of the CLNAI), heard the news of Mussolini's capture they immediately agreed that he should be summarily executed and Longo gave the order for it to be carried out. Audisio said he read out a sentence of death, whereas Lampredi omitted this. Now, the familiarity of his distinctive shaved head and granite jaw, even in disguise, did him in. Mussolini’s last days and stories of death at the hands of enemies 75 years ago. I said I could not shoot Petacci, so John said he would shoot her himself, while making it quite clear that Mussolini however, had to be killed by an Italian. This tense, intriguing historical drama tracks Mussolini's actions as he finds himself hunted by Hitler, the allies, and the Italian government. "[62] The following day, Hitler committed suicide in Berlin, shortly before the city fell to the Red Army. [72], The re-interment in the Mussolini family crypt in Predappio was carried out on 1 September 1957, with supporters present giving the fascist salute. Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce: Moseley, Ray: Amazon.com.au: Books. In the post-war years, the "official" version of Mussolini's death has been questioned in Italy (but, generally, not internationally) in a way that has drawn comparison with the John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories. Some historians believe that what happened to Mussolini was a factor in Hitler’s decision to commit suicide and have his body burned. [50][51] The choice of location was deliberate. At the time, Mussolini is said to have remarked "for the blood of Piazzale Loreto, we shall pay dearly". WELCOME; ABOUT US. In his last days, Mussolini, the tyrant, was in the grip of anger, shame, and depression. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Differing accounts exist of who made the decision that Mussolini should be summarily executed. [59], On the afternoon of 29 April, Adolf Hitler learned of Mussolini’s execution, although it is unknown how much of the detail was communicated to him. Two Franciscan friars were charged with assisting Leccisi to hide the body. Mussolini had been Italy's fascist leader since 1922, first as prime minister and, following his seizure of dictatorial powers in 1925, with the title Il Duce. At least twelve different individuals have, at various times, been claimed to be the killer. Audisio gave a different account. [90], Other theories have been published, including allegations that not only Luigi Longo, subsequently leader of the Communist Party in post-war Italy, but also Sandro Pertini, a future President of Italy, carried out the shootings. Capture and Execution of Mussolini Mussolini spent his last 7 days in power in Milan, which was the site of his rise to power. Giving up on this objective, on 27 April he joined a Luftwaffe column travelling in convoy and retreating northwards to Germany.[21]. Movie footage of what happened appears to confirm that to be the case. [30][31][32], It was largely confirmed by an account provided by Aldo Lampredi[33] and the "classical" narrative of the story was set out in books written in the 1960s by Bellini delle Stelle and Urbano Lazzaro, and the journalist Franco Bandini. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. [44] Urbano Lazzaro later denied that such a tribunal had been convened and said: I was convinced Mussolini deserved death ... but there should have been a trial according to law. The documentary went on to claim that the later shootings at the Villa Belmonte were subsequently staged as part of the "cover up". Four bullets near the heart were given as the cause of death. Rod Steiger plays Mussolini, held captive by the rapidly retreating German troops but still not safe from Italian vendettas. His tomb has become a place of pilgrimage for neo-fascists and the anniversary of his death is marked by neo-fascist rallies. He also came from Predappio and knew Mussolini's widow, Rachele, well. Retrouvez The Last Days of Mussolini et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Wikipedia. Zoli was reliant on the far right (including Leccisi himself, who was now a neo-fascist party deputy) to support him in Parliament. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}45°58′53″N 9°12′13″E / 45.98126°N 9.2035°E / 45.98126; 9.2035 [17][18] That evening,[19] with the German army in northern Italy about to surrender and the CLNAI taking control of Milan, Mussolini fled the city in an attempt to escape north to Switzerland. Cart All. [60][61] On the same day, Hitler recorded in his Last Will and Testament that he intended to choose death rather than "fall into the hands of enemies" and the masses, and becoming "a spectacle arranged by Jews. [68], After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. Le film dépeint la chute du dictateur italien Benito Mussolini. 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