penang tsunami 2004 deaths

Seismographic and acoustic data indicate that the first phase involved a rupture about 400 km (250 mi) long and 100 km (60 mi) wide, 30 km (19 mi) beneath the sea bed—the largest rupture ever known to have been caused by an earthquake. Thailand experienced the second largest tsunami run-up. [needs update][128] UNEP has decided to earmark a US$1 million emergency fund and to establish a Task Force to respond to requests for technical assistance from countries affected by the tsunami. The last major tsunami was caused by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. One of the few coastal areas to evacuate ahead of the tsunami was on the Indonesian island of Simeulue, close to the epicentre. Numerous aftershocks were reported off the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands and the region of the original epicentre in the hours and days that followed. The level of damage to the economy resulting from the tsunami depends on the scale examined. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands appear to have shifted south-west by around 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in) and to have sunk by 1 m (3 ft 3 in). However, the huge demand has led to lower quality in the process, and some important materials were sacrificed to cut prices for those who were impoverished by the tsunami. The second and third waves were 15–30 m (49–98 ft) high at the coast and appeared like gigantic surfing waves but "taller than the coconut trees and was like a mountain". The tsunami destroyed settlements at Hut Bay within a range of 1 km (0.62 mi) from the seashore. A series of massive tsunami waves grew up to 30 m (100 ft) high once heading inland, after being created by the underwater seismic activity offshore. Even beach resorts in parts of Thailand which were untouched by the tsunami were hit by cancellations. In the Krishna district, the tsunami created havoc in Manginapudi and on Machalipattanam Beach. Many of these tourists were caught off-guard by the tsunami, as they had no prior warning. It was disaster for the people there on that day. Also, in the minutes preceding a tsunami strike, the sea sometimes recedes temporarily from the coast, which was observed on the eastern earthquake rupture zone such as the coastlines of Aceh, Phuket island, and Khao Lak area in Thailand, Penang island of Malaysia, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The eastern shores of Sri Lanka were the hardest hit since it faced the epicentre of the earthquake, while the southwestern shores were hit later, but the death toll was just as severe. The tsunami severely affected the Maldives at a distance of 2,500 km (1,600 mi) from the epicentre. In 1782, about 40,000 people are thought to have been killed by a tsunami (or a cyclone) in the South China Sea. Tsunami survey in Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands. Moreover, the cost of damage in the transport sector was reported in the tens of thousands. At the same time, it arrived in the state of Kerala, on the southwestern coast. The first warning sign of a possible tsunami is the earthquake itself. No deaths were reported among foreign tourists. The divers reported being caught in a violent, swirling current suddenly while underwater. The number of deaths currently stands at 68 with 52 in Penang, 12 in Kedah, 3 in Perak and 1 in Selangor. 22:20. Sri Lanka reported that it had received no foreign government aid, while foreign individuals had been generous. The highest death toll was in Hafun, with 19 dead and 160 people presumed missing out of its 5,000 inhabitants. Tsunami hits soon after 8 am: 42 dead Most of the fatalities in Malaysia were people swimming and jet skiing off beaches on the island of Penang who were struck by the tsunami. The volcanic activity that results as the Indo-Australian Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate has created the Sunda Arc. The Andaman tsunami that occurred on 26 December 2004 killed about a quarter million people worldwide, of which 52 deaths happened in Penang, Malaysia. The tsunami travelled eastward through the Andaman Sea and hit the south-western coasts of Thailand, about 2 hours after the earthquake. [51] Tsunami detection is not easy because while a tsunami is in deep water, it has little height and a network of sensors is needed to detect it. Key words: Coupled tsunami model, Tsunami, Penang Island, Indonesian Tsunami 2004. The first wave came rapidly landward from the south-west as a turbulent bore about 0.5–2.5 m (1.6–8.2 ft) high. Copy link. Anthropologists had initially expected the aboriginal population of the Andaman Islands to be badly affected by the tsunami and even feared the already depopulated Onge tribe could have been wiped out. [16], The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was initially documented as having a moment magnitude of 8.8. Indonesia was the worst affected area, with most death toll estimates at around 170,000. "Environmental Issues Emerging from Wreckage of Asian Tsunami", "United Nations Environment Programme; Environment for Development", "Researchers uncover 2004 tsunami predecessor", "Scientists Find Evidence of Tsunamis on Indian Ocean Shores Long Before 2004", "Most Destructive Known Earthquakes on Record in the World (Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths)", "Written records of historical tsunamis in the northeastern South China Sea – challenges associated with developing a new integrated database", "Mental Health in Sumatra After the Tsunami", "Associated Press û Tsunami survivors cling tightly to faith across ravaged region", "Memorandum of Understanding between Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement", "Asia Pacific Journalism Centre – Home Page". Waves nearly three stories high devastated the Indian Air Force base, located just south of Malacca. [61], Lhoknga is a small coastal community about 13 km (8.1 mi) south-west of Banda Aceh, located on a flat coastal plain in between two rainforest-covered hills, overlooking a large bay and famous for its large swathe of white sandy beach and surfing activities. The United Nations estimated at the outset that the relief operation would be the costliest in human history. A few other African countries also recorded fatalities; one in Kenya, three in Seychelles, ten in Tanzania, and South Africa, where two were killed as a direct result of the tsunami—the furthest from the epicentre. Local eyewitnesses described three large waves, with the first wave rising gently to the foundation of the buildings, followed minutes later by a sudden withdrawal of the sea near the port of Ulee Lheue. At Patong Beach, a tourist mecca, the tsunami first arrived as a small flood, which swept away cars and unexpected people. Search effort for the eight missing is … Compiling new navigational charts may take months or years. [1] Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single worst tsunami in history. These volatiles rise into the overlying plate, causing partial melting and the formation of magma. On some locations, a coastal road was built which was higher than the shore, protecting a hotel which was behind it. [144] The announcement was a false alarm, and the Home Affairs minister withdrew their announcement. Epidemics were of particular concern due to the high population density and tropical climate of the affected areas. In Yemen, the tsunami killed two people with a maximum runup of 2 m (6.6 ft). The total physical work done MW (and thus energy) by the quake was 4.0×1022 joules (40 ZJ),[31] the vast majority underground, which is over 360,000 times more than its ME, equivalent to 9,600 gigatons of TNT equivalent (550 million times that of Hiroshima) or about 370 years of energy use in the United States at 2005 levels of 1.08×1020 joules (108 EJ). In one area of the Strait, water depths were previously up to 1,200 m (4,000 ft), and are now only 30 m (100 ft) in some areas, making shipping impossible and dangerous. with a marginal drop in sea level. In the distant horizon, gigantic black waves about 30 m (98 ft) high made explosion-like sounds as it broke and approached the shore. [75][77][79] The tsunami varied in height from 2 m (6.6 ft) to 10 m (33 ft) based on survivors' accounts. [17] Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. [134] The deadliest tsunami before 2004 was Italy's 1908 Messina earthquake on the Mediterranean Sea where the earthquake and tsunami killed about 123,000. Major damage occurred in two narrow strips of land bound on the west by the Arabian Sea and on the east by the Kerala backwaters. Based on scientific surveys from Ayeyarwaddy Delta through Taninthayi Division, it was revealed that tsunami heights along the Myanmar coast were between 0.4–2.9 m (1 ft 4 in–9 ft 6 in). There were two to five tsunamis that coincided with the local high tide in some areas. The north bay of Phi Phi Don Island opens to the north-west in the direction of the tsunami. In February 2005, scientists revised the estimate of the magnitude to 9.0. GEORGE TOWN: Penang businessman A Suppiah will always remember the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami that claimed the lives of thousands of people in Southeast Asia. The time between the waves ranged from about 15 minutes to 90 minutes. There were no tsunami warning systems in the Indian Ocean to detect tsunamis or to warn the general population living around the ocean. Another factor is that some coasts of Taninthayi Division were protected by the Myeik Archipelago. [citation needed]. The number of deaths currently stands at 67 with 52 in Penang, 12 in Kedah, 2 in Perak and 1 in Selangor. [120], Some economists believe that damage to the affected national economies will be minor because losses in the tourism and fishing industries are a relatively small percentage of the GDP. [155], According to USAID, the US has pledged additional funds in long-term U.S. support to help the tsunami victims rebuild their lives. Despite a delay of up to several hours between the earthquake and the impact of the tsunami, nearly all of the victims were taken by surprise. The second wave was the strongest. False tsunami alarm sparks panic in Indian Ocean region. Sinkholes which were reported in Kampar and Ipoh for three days running have been investigated and determined not to be earthquake related. A major aftershock (magnitude 7.1) can be seen at the closest stations starting just after the 200-minute mark. In South Andaman island, based on local eyewitnesses, there were three tsunami waves, with the third being the most destructive. Coasts that have a landmass between them and the tsunami's location of origin are usually safe; however, tsunami waves can sometimes diffract around such landmasses. In Myanmar, the tsunami caused only moderate damage, which arrived between 2 and 5.5 hours after the earthquake. [139], In a poll conducted in 27 countries, 15% of respondents named the tsunami the most significant event of the year. At Koh Sriboya, the tsunami advanced inland as a turbulent medium bore, while at Koh Phayam, Ranong Province, the tsunami appeared as a wall of water. The seismograms are arranged vertically by distance from the epicentre in degrees. The highest-recorded tsunami run-up was measured 19.6 m (64 ft) at Ban Thung Dap, on the south-west tip of Ko Phra Thong Island and the second-highest at 15.8 m (52 ft) at Ban Nam Kim. Local video recorded that before the arrival of the tsunami, people can be seen swarming the beach to check on stranded fish from the exposed beach. Because of the distances involved, the tsunami took anywhere from fifteen minutes to seven hours to reach the coastlines. The only other recorded earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater were off Kamchatka, Russia, on 4 November 1952 (magnitude 9.0) and Tōhoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011. Interview with the locals revealed that the sea temporarily receded and exposed coral reefs. Since over 51,000 vessels were lost to the tsunami, the industry boomed. The record section plot displays vertical displacements of the Earth's surface recorded by seismometers from the IRIS/USGS Global Seismographic Network plotted with respect to time (since the earthquake initiation) on the horizontal axis, and vertical displacements of the Earth on the vertical axis (note the 1 cm scale bar at the bottom for scale). The surface waves can be clearly seen to reinforce near the antipode (with the closest seismic stations in Ecuador), and to subsequently encircle the planet to return to the epicentral region after about 200 minutes. Oxfam went on to report that as many as four times more women than men were killed in some regions because they were waiting on the beach for the fishers to return and looking after their children in the houses. [143] In response, the Indian Minister of Home Affairs announced that a fresh onslaught of deadly tsunami was likely along the southern Indian coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, even as there was no sign of turbulence in the region. On the western coast, the runup elevations were 4.5 m (15 ft) at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu and 3.4 m (11 ft) each at Kollam and Ernakulam districts in Kerala. The momentum of the water displaced by tectonic uplift had also dragged massive slabs of rock, each weighing millions of tonnes, as far as 10 km (6 mi) across the seabed. [42], The tsunami, like all others, behaved differently in deep water than in shallow water. However, tsunamis can strike thousands of kilometres away where the earthquake is felt only weakly or not at all. At Phuket Province, the island province's western beaches were struck by the tsunami. [citation needed], The hardest-hit area, Aceh, is a religiously conservative Islamic society and has had no tourism nor any Western presence in recent years due to the insurgency between the Indonesian military and Free Aceh Movement (GAM). [citation needed] According to local accounts,[attribution needed] tsunami waves attacked the area three times. According to interviews, the second wave was the largest. The south bay opens to the south-east and faces in the opposite direction from the tsunami. 1. The biggest loss from a single family was when five of Zulkifli Mohamad Noor's seven children were killed when the tsunami struck at Pasir Panjang beach. According to the Malaysian Red Crescent Society, the tsunami of 26 December has killed 42 people, mostly in the second largest city of Penang. The inundation distance is about 5 km (3.1 mi). We should be in awe at the power of nature and recognize that those who died in the tsunami died in a cycle of life that includes algae and deer and coral and dogs and pigeons and eels. According to eyewitness accounts, the tsunami came from the north and south. An estimated 1,600 km (1,000 mi) of fault surface slipped (or ruptured) about 15 m (50 ft) along the subduction zone where the Indian Plate slides (or subducts) under the overriding Burma Plate. One such landslide consisted of a single block of rock some 100 m (330 ft) high and 2 km (1.2 mi) long. [38], In February 2005, the Royal Navy vessel HMS Scott surveyed the seabed around the earthquake zone, which varies in depth between 1,000 and 5,000 m (550 and 2,730 fathoms; 3,300 and 16,400 ft). Another amateur video, captured by a German family at beach level, showed the tsunami appearing as a white horizontal line in the distant horizon, gradually becoming bigger (bore-like), engulfing a jet skier and lifting two police boats. As well, the tsunami was large enough to be detected in Vancouver, which puzzled many scientists, as the tsunamis measured in some parts of South America were larger than those measured in some parts of the Indian Ocean. The largest amplitude signals are seismic surface waves that reach the antipode after about 100 minutes. 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