king edward of wessex

Name: King Edward VII Full Name: Albert Edward Born: November 9, 1841 at Buckingham Palace Parents: Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Relation to Elizabeth II: great-grandfather House of: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Ascended to the throne: January 22, 1901 aged 59 years Crowned: August 9, 1902 at Westminster Abbey Married: Alexandra, daughter of … After defeating the Northumbrian Danes at Tettenhall, he set out in August 912 to subdue the Danes of the eastern Midlands and East Anglia. Alfred the Great (r. 871-899 CE) was the king of Wessex in Britain but came to be known as King of the Anglo-Saxons after his military victories over Viking adversaries and later successful negotiations with them. He assumed the government in 1330 from his mother, through whom in 1337 he laid claim to the French throne and thus began the Hundred Years' War. I must admit that the features appear somewhat African. Oswald was translated to a new Mercian minster established by Æthelred and Æthelflæd in Gloucester and the Danes were compelled to accept peace on Edward's terms. In 959 Eadwig died and Edgar took over Wessex. It then attacked Ergyng in south-east Wales (now Archenfield in Herefordshire) and captured the Bishop, referred to as Cameleac, Cimeliauc and Cyfeilliog, depending on the source. In 1051, Godwin and his sons fell out of favor with Edward … According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 918, "all the people who had settled in Mercia, both Danish and English, submitted to him". On the online forum site Quora, royal fan Marla Lynn said that there’s a strong possibility that the Earl of Wessex … Updates? Eward I, "The Elder", King of England : Edward the Elder, "The Unconquered", King of England-----"The Unconquerored King," was born about 870 and died about 924. Alfred, who was now king, was reduced to a remote base in the Isle of Athelney in Somerset, but the situation was transformed when he won a decisive victory at the Battle of Edington. [13], In about 893, Edward probably married Ecgwynn, who bore him two children, the future King Æthelstan and a daughter who married Sitric Cáech, a Viking King of York. [71], Nothing is known of his relations with the Mercians between 919 and the last year of his life, when he put down a Mercian and Welsh revolt at Chester. [40], In 908, Plegmund conveyed the alms of the English king and people to the Pope, the first visit to Rome by an Archbishop of Canterbury for almost a century, and the journey may have been to seek papal approval for a proposed re-organisation of the West Saxon sees. In April Edward built a fort at Towcester as a defence against the Danes of Northampton, and another at an unidentified place called Wigingamere. King of England from 1327, son of Edward II. "[77] Higham summarises Edward's legacy as follows: Edward's cognomen 'the Elder' was first used in Wulfstan's Life of St Æthelwold at the end of the tenth century, to distinguish him from King Edward the Martyr. Mercia may have made a bid for continued semi-independence which was suppressed by Edward, and it then came under his direct rule. The two sides met at the Battle of the Holme (perhaps Holme in Huntingdonshire) on 13 December 902. Coin evidence suggests that his authority was stronger in the East Midlands than in East Anglia. [27] Some versions of the Chronicle incorporate part of a lost Mercian Register, which gives a Mercian perspective and details of Æthelflæd's campaign against the Vikings. Wessex is considered to cover, Berkshire, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire and parts of Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire in Southern England. [43] The effect of the changes was to strengthen the status of Canterbury compared with Winchester and Sherborne, but the division may have been related to a change in the secular functions of West Saxon bishops, to become agents of royal government in shires rather than provinces, assisting in defence and taking part in shire courts. Athelstan, first West Saxon king to have effective rule over the whole of England. [b], In 901, Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex, and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to invade English Mercia and northern Wessex, where his army looted and then returned home. "[52], The standard of Anglo-Saxon learning declined severely in the ninth century, particularly in Wessex, and Mercian scholars such as Plegmund played a major part in the revival of learning initiated by Alfred. Their bodies lie at Winchester. Thus the three ‘kingdoms’, Mercia, Northumbria and Wessex became united under the rule of Edgar. Corrections? This is the only known case of an Anglo-Saxon prince and princess receiving the same upbringing. [e] Edward has also been overshadowed by chroniclers' admiration for his highly regarded sister, Æthelflæd. [17], Janet Nelson suggests that there was conflict between Alfred and Edward in the 890s. [49] He may have built the new church because he did not think that the Old Minster was grand enough to be the royal mausoleum for kings of the Anglo-Saxons, not just the West Saxons like their predecessors. Crioda, king of West Saxons Creoda of Wessex (b. c. 493) is a shadowy figure in early Wessex history, mentioned only in the regnal list in the preface of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle. The concept of England with one ruler was born. Pyrlig grows uncomfortable with the talk of Ludeca’s betrothal to Edward’s niece and leaves. Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia, but when he retreated the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire, and were intercepted by the Danish army. King Edward IX (born: Edward Henry Edmund Robert Charles) is the current reigning King of Wessex.He is the eldest son of King Edmund VII (1943 - 2001) and his wife, Ellen of Kent (1955 - ).. Life. Æthelhelm and Æthelwold were sons of Æthelred, Alfred's older brother and predecessor as king, but they had been passed over because they were infants when their father died. The situation was saved by the arrival of troops from London led by Æthelred. [2], Edward's parents, Alfred and Ealhswith, married in 868. Edward ascended the throne upon his father’s death in October 899, and in a battle in 902 his forces killed a rival claimant, Aethelwald, who had allied with the Danes. Edward marched with his army to the nearby Iron Age hillfort at Badbury Rings. At the same time, his sister, the Mercian ruler Aethelflaed, constructed a complementary series of fortresses in the northwest Midlands. [6], Æthelhelm is only recorded in Alfred's will of the mid-880s, and probably died at some time in the next decade, but Æthelwold is listed above Edward in the only charter where he appears, probably indicating a higher status. The actual borders varied over time with Salisbury approximately at the centre and Winchester established as his capital by Alfred King of Wessex, about 871ad. Pauline Stafford describes Æthelflæd as "the last Mercian queen",[25] while in Charles Insley's view Mercia kept its independence until Æthelflæd's death in 918. It was on this occasion that the king acquired land from the Bishop of Winchester for the foundation of the New Minster, Winchester. The English then took Colchester, although they did not try to hold it. Edward married Godwine’s daughter Edith in 1045, but by 1049 a breach had occurred between the two men. Prince Edward, Producer: Castle Ghosts of Scotland. They appointed a puppet king in 867, and then moved on Mercia, where they spent the winter of 867–868. [23] This view of Edward's status is accepted by Martin Ryan, who states that Æthelred and Æthelflæd had "a considerable but ultimately subordinate share of royal authority" in English Mercia. Prior to this conference, no monographs had been published on Edward's reign, whereas his father has been the subject of numerous biographies and other studies.[76]. [19] He encouraged Englishmen to purchase land in Danish territory, and two charters survive relating to estates in Bedfordshire and Derbyshire. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.. He seized Wimborne, in Dorset, where his father was buried, and Christchurch (then in Hampshire, now in Dorset). [50] Alan Thacker comments: Patrick Wormald observes: "The thought occurs that neither Alfred nor Edward was greatly beloved at Winchester Cathedral; and one reason for Edward's moving his father's body into the new family shrine next door was that he was surer of sincere prayers there. King Edward VII took over the British throne after the death of Queen Victoria. As ruler of the West Saxons, or Wessex, from 899 to 924, Edward extended his authority over almost all of England by conquering areas that previously had been held by Danish invaders. [24], In the late ninth and early tenth centuries, connection by marriage with the West Saxon royal house was seen as prestigious by continental rulers. In 925, after Edward's death, another daughter Eadgyth married Otto, the future King of Germany and (after Eadgyth's death) Holy Roman Emperor. Other charters were issued by the Mercian leaders which did not contain any acknowledgment of Edward's authority, but they did not issue their own coinage. [45] Edward's daughter Eadburh became a nun there, and she was venerated as a saint and the subject of a hagiography by Osbert of Clare in the twelfth century. Vitals Reign: 08 Jun 1042 - 05 Jan 1066 Coronation: 03 April 1043 Predecessor: Harthacnut Successor: Harold Godwinson Consort: Edith of Wessex [4] According to Asser in his Life of King Alfred, Edward and Ælfthryth were educated at court by male and female tutors, and read ecclesiastical and secular works in English, such as the Psalms and Old English poems. There were mints in Bath, Canterbury, Chester, Chichester, Derby, Exeter, Hereford, London, Oxford, Shaftesbury, Shrewsbury, Southampton, Stafford, Wallingford, Wareham, Winchester and probably other towns. After the battle, the Vikings still ruled Northumbria, East Anglia and eastern Mercia, leaving only Wessex and western Mercia under Anglo-Saxon control. ISBN 978-0-19-822989-6. They probably did not reach their intended destination because Æthelstan was on bad terms with Winchester. Rægnald was the Norse Viking king of York in southern Northumbria, and Eadwulf was the Anglo-Saxon ruler of northern Northumbria, which was not conquered by the Vikings. Eardwulf believes their in need of a peacemaker, someone to unite the divisions. It was much larger than the Old Minster, and was probably intended as a royal mausoleum. In 903 Edward issued several charters concerning land in Mercia. He was largely ignored by historians until the late twentieth century, but he is now highly regarded. Edward, leading a joint force from Wessex and Mercia, again encountered them in battle at Tettenhall in Staffordshire and on this occasion won a decisive victory. Edward I, known as The Elder, was born about 0871 in Wessex,England. The first appearance of Edward, called filius regis, the king's son in the sources is in 892, in a charter granting land at North Newnton, near Pewsey in Wiltshire, to ealdorman Æthelhelm, where he is called filius regis, the king's son. Sophie, Countess of Wessex looked a vision in blue today as she joined her husband Prince Edward to visit Frimley Park Hospital in Surrey … [14] The suggestion that Ecgwynn was Edward's mistress is accepted by some historians such as Simon Keynes and Richard Abels,[15] but Yorke and Æthelstan's biographer, Sarah Foot, disagree, arguing that the allegations should be seen in the context of the disputed succession in 924, and were not an issue in the 890s. Charters were usually issued when the king made grants of land, and it is possible that Edward followed a policy of retaining property which came into his hands to help finance his campaigns against the Vikings. [44], At the beginning of Edward's reign, his mother Ealhswith founded the abbey of St Mary for nuns, known as the Nunnaminster, in Winchester. The episode suggests that south-east Wales fell within the West Saxon sphere of power, unlike Brycheiniog just to the north, where Mercia was dominant. Edward then returned to Towcester and reinforced its fort with a stone wall, and the Danes of nearby Northampton submitted to him. Edward was remembered by the New Minster as a benefactor, but at the Old Minster as rex avidus (greedy king). The kings of Wessex gradually expanded the area under their rule through annexation and conquest and, by the year 821, a large part of England was under the governance of the Crown of Wessex. Complete political unification of England was achieved during the reign of his son and successor, Athelstan (reigned 924–939). Ultimately, the ideology of the 'Kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons' may have been less successful in achieving the absorption of Mercia and more something which I would see as a murky political coup." Edward was admired by medieval chroniclers, and in the view of William of Malmesbury, he was "much inferior to his father in the cultivation of letters" but "incomparably more glorious in the power of his rule". The Anglo-Saxon line, as noted below, was interrupted for two decades by Viking conquerors, but was re-established by Edward the Confessor. Edward the Elder Coinage Regulations; Find A Grave: Edward the Elder Edward was next, and the second daughter, Æthelgifu, became abbess of Shaftesbury. Who was Edward the Elder? In early 878, the Danes led by King Guthrum seized Chippenham in Wiltshire in a lightning strike and used it as a secure base from which to devastate Wessex. But the new Duke of Cornwall didn't seem either interested or concerned with his preparation. Forged charters date the division to 909, but this may not be correct. 2-3, The order in which Edward's children are listed is based on the family tree in Foot's, "Edward [called Edward the Elder] (870s?–924), king of the Anglo-Saxons", "Eadgifu (b. in or before 904, d. in or after 966), Queen of the Anglo-Saxons", "Eadgyth (c.911–946), Queen of the East Franks", "Eadburh [St Eadburh, Eadburga] (921x4–951x3), Benedictine nun", "Frithestan (d. 932/3), bishop of Winchester", List of English words of Old Norse origin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_the_Elder&oldid=1021998546, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A daughter, perhaps called Edith, married, Ælfgifu or Edgiva, married "a prince near the, Eadgifu, existence uncertain, possibly the same person as Ælfgifu, This page was last edited on 7 May 2021, at 20:38. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Perhaps the most famous battles that Penda led were the Battle of Cirencester (taking the Severn Valley from Wessex) and the Battle of Hatfield Chase (defeating Edwin of Northumbria, effectively … Name: King Edward The Confessor Father: Ethelred II Mother: Emma of Normandy Born: c.1004 at Islip Ascended to the throne: June 8, 1042 Crowned: April 3, 1043 at Winchester Cathedral, aged c.39 Married: Edith, Daughter of Earl Godwin of Wessex Children: None Died: January 5, 1066 at Westminster Buried at: Westminster Abbey King of England from 1042, the son of … [56], Almost all surviving charters from Edward's reign are later copies, and the only surviving original is not a charter of Edward himself, but a grant by Æthelred and Æthelflæd in 901. The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and nicknamed "Bertie", Edward was related to royalty throughout Europe. This is seen by Keynes as "the invention of a wholly new and distinctive polity", covering both West Saxons and Mercians, which was inherited by Edward with the support of Mercians at the West Saxon court, of whom the most important was Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was succeeded by his eldest son Æthelstan. Just when it looked as if Edward was … Edward was the victor of Halidon Hill in 1333, Sluys in 1340, Crécy in 1346, and at the siege of Calais 1346–47, and created the Order of the Garter. This battle hungry king is remembered for turning Mercia from a second-rate kingdom to the most powerful in England, overtaking the likes of both Wessex and Northumbria. A man of Wessex, he was probably born in the 870s and died in 924. Mercia was the dominant kingdom in southern England in the eighth century and maintained its position until it suffered a decisive defeat by Wessex at the Battle of Ellandun in 825. In 916 Edward returned to Essex and built a fort at Maldon to bolster the defence of Witham. In 913 there was a pause in his activities, although Æthelflæd continued her fortress building in Mercia. The East Anglians were forced to pay off the Vikings, who invaded Northumbria the following year. This year died King Edward at Farndon in Mercia; and Ælfweard his son died very soon after this, in Oxford. In … Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf";[2] died 13 January 858) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. [33], Edward maintained an army on the south side of the estuary in case the Vikings broke their promises, and he twice had to repel attacks. Mercia and the eastern Danelaw were organised into shires at an unknown date in the tenth century, ignoring traditional boundaries, and historians such as Sean Miller and David Griffiths suggest that Edward's imposition of direct control from 919 is a likely context for a change which ignored Mercian sensibilities. Crowned king … The third daughter, Ælfthryth, married Baldwin, Count of Flanders, and the younger son, Æthelweard, was given a scholarly education, including learning Latin. Sophie, the Countess of Wessex and Prince Edward will be "seen more" when Prince Charles becomes king, a royal expert has claimed. The same offer is not known to have been made to Edward, and the Norse Vikings took York in 919. In the 910s, Edward conquered Viking-ruled southern England in partnership with his sister Æthelflæd, who had succeeded as Lady of the Mercians following the death of her husband in 911. According to the main West Saxon version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, after Æthelflæd's death the Mercians submitted to Edward, but the Mercian version (the Mercian Register) states that in December 918 her daughter Ælfwynn "was deprived of all authority in Mercia and taken into Wessex". Edward the Elder[a] (c. 874 – 17 July 924) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 until his death. Æthelwold declared that he would live or die at Wimborne, but then left in the night and rode to Northumbria, where the Danes accepted him as king. The twelfth-century chronicler William of Malmesbury described Ecgwynn as an illustris femina (noble lady), and stated that Edward chose Æthelstan as his heir as king. [12] Yorke argues that although Alfred packed the witan with members whose interests lay in the continuation of Alfred's line, that may not have been sufficient to ensure Edward's accession if he had not displayed his fitness for kingship. [84] Their children were: In c. 900, Edward married Ælfflæd, daughter of Ealdorman Æthelhelm, probably of Wiltshire. [74], A principal reason for the neglect of Edward is that very few primary sources for his reign survive, whereas there are many for Alfred. This may be because she supported her son against her husband. Edward, byname Edward the Elder, (died July 17, 924, Farndon on Dee, Eng. Æthelstan, the first ever King of England, took the Wessex throne in 924 after his elder brother’s death. With the King ailing, and further attacks on Wessex expected, only four days later the Battle of Ashdown in Berkshire had to be led by the King’s 22-year-old younger brother, Alfred. He has been married to Sophie Countess of Wessex since … The only other king buried at the New Minster was Eadwig, in 959.[48]. [24], Other historians disagree. This is the start of the continuous history in England of trial by ordeal; it is probably mentioned in the laws of King Ine (688 to 726),[c] but not in later codes such as those of Alfred. From 910 to 916 he constructed a series of fortified enclosures around his Kingdom of Wessex. He was the elder son of Alfred the Great and his wife Ealhswith.When Edward succeeded to the throne, he had to defeat a challenge from his cousin Æthelwold, who had a strong claim to the throne as the son of Alfred's elder brother and predecessor, Æthelred. However, even as war leader he was only one of a succession of successful kings; his achievements were overshadowed because he did not have a famous victory like Alfred's at Edington and Æthelstan's at Brunanburh, and William of Malmesbury qualified his praise of Edward by saying that "the chief prize of victory, in my judgment, is due to his father". In November 911, he constructed a fort on the north bank of the River Lea at Hertford to guard against attack by the Danes of Bedford and Cambridge. These are known only from the late tenth century chronicle of Æthelweard, such as his account of the Battle of Farnham, in which in Nelson's view "Edward's military prowess, and popularity with a following of young warriors, are highlighted". Neither part of Edward's name, which means 'protector of wealth', had been used previously by the West Saxon royal house, and Barbara Yorke suggests that he may have been named after his maternal grandmother Eadburh, reflecting the West Saxon policy of strengthening links with Mercia. Stamford had surrendered to Edward before Æthelflæd's death, and Nottingham did the same shortly afterwards. Other medieval chroniclers expressed similar views, and he was generally seen as inferior in book learning, but superior in military success. Edward marched to Badbury and offered battle, but Æthelwold refused to leave Wimborne. Edward the Elder (c. 874 – 17 July 924) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 until his death. 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