ethnic groups in shan state

There are two groups of Pa-O one is the Lowland Pa'O around Thaton and the second is the Highland Pa'O group from in Taunggyi which are part of 24 subgroups. The capital is Laukkai. Sai Ai Pao (aka Sai Aik Paung) was named for Industry and Mining Minister and Sai Naw Kham (aka Tun Tun Aung) was named for Construction Minister. Journals/ Newspapers . The Burmese success in repelling Chinese forces laid the foundation for the present-day boundary between Burma and China. Although Burmanised Shans founded the Ava Kingdom that ruled central Burma, other Shan states, Mohnyin in particular, constantly raided Ava territories throughout the years. [citation needed], According to the 2014 Myanmar Census, Buddhists make up 81.7% of Shan State's population, forming the largest religious community there. Photos ← Previous Image Next Image → Posted on May 20, 2013. But elections for Mongmao, Pangwaun, Pangkham, Namphan, and Mong La Township Constituencies were canceled. Image of west, armies, five - 68405223 By the mid-1960s, CPB had begun receiving open support from China. The eight members of Cobem are those from the Arakan, Chin (two groups), Kachin, Karen (two groups), Mon, and Shan ethnic groups. In the general election of November 2010, 117 seats were open for Shan State Parliament (or Shan State Hluttaw): two each for 55 townships and seven seats for different ethnic constituencies. Myanmar Official Gives Malaysian Ambassador … The Clashes with Karen Army Killed 194 Soldiers of Military... May 7, 2021. [12]:274 Gen. Ne Win's coup d'etat in 1962 brought an end to the Burmese experiment with democracy and with it, the call for greater autonomy for ethnic minorities. Network Media Group… Today, the 20,000-strong United Wa State Army (UWSA) is the largest armed group, and is heavily involved in the narcotics trade. Language. Additional clashes between the ethnic armed groups, Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), may occur in northern Shan State through mid-December. The total Southeast Asian population stands at 655 million … The most powerful Shan states were Mong Yang (Mohnyin) and Mong Kawng (Mogaung) in present-day Kachin State, followed by Hsenwi (Theinni), Hsipaw (Thibaw) and Mong Mit (Momeik) in present-day northern Shan State. Since mid-August, violent clashes between ethnic armed groups and the Myanmar military have increased in Myanmar’s Shan State. The main ethnic groups living in the seven ethnic minority states of Burma are the Karen, Shan, Mon, Chin, Kachin, Rakhine and Karenni. The Pa-O are a branch of the Kayin, and migrated with them from central Asia. Burma lost southern Lan Na (Chiang Mai) in 1776 and northern Lan Na (Chiang Saen) in 1786 to a resurgent Bangkok-based Siam,[11] ending more than two centuries of Burmese suzerainty over the region. On 28 November 1885, the British captured Mandalay, officially ending the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 11 days. The hills are inhabited by various peoples, notably the Wa, who are numerous in the north and along the Chinese border. Many of the current day Pa'O took refuge in … Soldiers from the Shan State Army , the largest of the ethnic groups still battling Myanmar's military government, go through their training exercises at Doi Taileang, along the Thai-Myanmar border,... Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images By 1557 he went on to conquer all of what would become known as the Burmese Shan states under his rule, from the Assamese border in the northwest to those in Kachin Hills and Shan Hills, including the two most powerful Shan states, Mohnyin and Mogaung. Only one candidate from National Unity Party (Burma) was elected for Shan State Hluttaw (2011), although it was the second largest party in term of numbers of candidates. For the last four days, 19 participants from the region have been raising their training skills, learning new methods of… According to official statistics, only about 8% of primary school students in Shan State reach high school.[48]. Karen. Download this stock image: The Pa-Oh, also known as Taungthu and Black Karen, are an ethnic group in Burma, comprising approximately 600,000. A Continuation of the Geographical Description of the Kingdom of Siam, with an Account of its Metropolis. [25], Most of the Shan State is a hilly plateau, the Shan Plateau, which together with the higher mountains in the north and south forms the Shan Hills system. Their army is one of the largest ethnic rebel groups in the Myanmar and recently signed a ceasefire agreement with the government in December. Public hospitals lack basic facilities and equipment. The Shan State Army – North, the armed wing of the Shan State Progress Party (SSPP), claimed responsibility for the abduction of a villager, alleging she was a drug dealer. The gorge of the Thanlwin (Salween/Namhkong) River cuts across the state. Soon after gaining independence in January 1948, the central government led by U Nu faced several armed rebellions. It shares borders with China, Laos and Thailand and is home to several ethnic armies who have resisted Burmese rule for a long time. Siam occupied Kengtung during World War II (1942–1945). Shan State, with many ethnic groups, is home to several armed ethnic armies. [9]:191–192, 201, In the middle of the 18th century, the Burmese Konbaung dynasty's reassertion of the easternmost boundaries of Burmese Shan states led to war with China. Hundreds of people in the Pa-O and Danu self-administrated zones in Shan State held demonstrations on Wednesday calling for peace in Burma. While the military government has signed ceasefire agreements with most groups, vast areas of the state, especially those east of the Salween River, remain outside the central government's control, and in recent years have come under heavy ethnic-Han Chinese economic and political influence. Over 70,000 people are displaced in Arakan State, while over 100,000 remain displaced in Kachin State and northern Shan State. Civilians from minority ethnic groups suffer appalling violations and abuses, including war crimes, at the hands of Myanmar’s military and ethnic armed groups in the country’s Kachin and northern Shan States, Amnesty International said today in a new report based on three recent trips to … The Shan State Government is the cabinet of Shan State in Myanmar. They have close ties with … The ethnic armed groups include the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Arakan Army (AA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). Shan society was traditionally divided into a class of farmer commoners and a hereditary nobility who furnished both local chiefs and the ruling head of the Shan state. Speakers from the two Shan groups claimed the main reason for construction of the 361-kilometer railway is to cut communications between UWSA troops in southern and northern Shan State. The groups, which are both operating in the state, are fighting over a territorial dispute. Many governments advise against travelling to areas of myanmar including rakhine, shan and kachin states because of civil unrest and armed conflict. The largest of the 14 administrative divisions by land area, Shan State covers 155,800 km2, almost a quarter of the total area of Burma. [44] Muse (Muse, Burma), the biggest border trading center along the Myanmar China border and Tachileik, another important trading center between Myanmar and Thailand are in Shan State. Today with the Shan, there are a large number of Wa, Pa-O, Palaung, Lisu, Lahu, Akha, Kokang and Intha living in this state. The groups, which are both operating in the state, are fighting over a territorial dispute. In 2020, cultivation in Shan State declined a further 12%, with reductions taking place in East, North and South Shan with respective decreases of 17%, 10% and 9% from previous levels in 2019.[6]. [37] Mountains in the border region between Myanmar’s Shan State and China’s Yunnan province. There is a dwindling population of Anglo-Burmese in major hill stations, such as Kalaw and in Taunggyi, a hold-over from the colonial period. The population of the Palaung people is over 1,000,000. Fresh fighting that broke out late last week between two armed ethnic groups in Kyaukme district of northern Myanmar's Shan state has forced nearly 350 villagers from Hsipaw township, including 100 children, to flee to safety in a … Myanmar is bordered by bangladesh and india to its northwest, china to its northeast. 5, 4 (Mar 1984) : … Under the British colonial administration, established in 1887, the Shan states were ruled by their saophas as feudatory princely states of the British Crown. Shan State is lairgely rural, wi anerlie three ceeties o significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, an the caipital, Taunggyi. They are … Many governments advise against travelling to areas of myanmar including rakhine, shan and kachin states because of civil unrest and armed conflict. [9]:108 In the early-18th century, the rule of Burmese monarchs declined rapidly and by the 1730s, the northernmost Shan states, many of which had paid dual tribute to China and Burma, had been annexed by the Qing Dynasty of China. Skirmishes reportedly occurred in Hsipaw, Kyaukme, and Namtu townships … David Scott Mathieson. Location, size, and extent topography climate flora and fauna environment population migration ethnic groups … [citation needed] Some of the Ta'ang people can be found in Kalaw and Aungban in the Southern Shan State. During the five-day meeting in Naypyidaw, U Sai Paung Nub, a representative of the Wa Democratic Party (WDP), asked for a Wa state … Shan State is divided into Northern Shan State, Southern Shan State, and Eastern Shan State ; most areas are highly restricted to travel even for local residents and are out of the political control of the central government . [12]:123–124, After the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, the Burmese kingdom was reduced to Upper Burma alone. On Tuesday, the UN said fighting had erupted last week between members of the Restoration Council for Shan State (RCSS) and the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). "Shan and other Northern Tier Southeast Tai languages of Myanmar and China: Themes and Variations." A few Lisu population in Kengtung and Wa Region. Location, size, and extent topography climate flora and fauna environment population migration ethnic groups languages religions. Shan State (Shan: မိူင်းတႆး, pronounced [mɤ́ŋ.táj]; Burmese: ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, pronounced [ʃáɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]) is a state of Myanmar. Thailand also began a decades-long policy of support for non-communist Burmese rebels. This arrangement survived the constitutional changes of 1923 and 1937. [38], Silver, lead, and zinc are mined, notably at the Bawdwin mine, and there are smelters at Namtu. Location, size, and extent topography climate flora and fauna environment population migration ethnic groups … Shan State, with many ethnic groups, is home to several armed ethnic armies. They also live in Kayin Kayah Mon State plus the Bago Division east of Yangon. Besides indigenous Southeast Asians, many East Asians and South Asians call Southeast Asia their home. In recent decades, Chinese state and ethnic Chinese involvement in Shan State has deepened. Kokang is mostly populated by Kokang Chinese, a Han Chinese group living in Myanmar. “We intend to … Shan is characterized by tall, with light skin. The Ta'ang People are numerous in the Northern Shan State, in Namkham, Muse, Namhpaka, Kutkai, and Lashio Townships along the Burma-China Border and also in the middle of Shan State, in Namhsam, Kyaukme and Thibaw Townships. Page. According to the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee’s 2016 statistics, 77,513 Buddhist monks were registered in Shan State, comprising 14.5% of Myanmar's total Sangha membership, which includes both novice samanera and fully-ordained bhikkhu. Get the current news about coronavirus in myanmar. In March 1953, the KMT forces, with US assistance, were on the verge of taking the entire Shan State and within a day's march of the state capital Taunggyi. [citation needed]. They are largely Buddhists and are mainly engaged in agriculture. 135 ethnic groups are recognized, but discussions are under way to expand this list to reflect the population census conducted in 2014. [22] Two candidates from SNDP were named for the first Shan State Government. ", "သွ်မ္းနီလူငယ္: သွ်မ္းနီလူမ်ဳိးတုုိ႔၏ အုုိးစည္ႏုုိင္ငံေတာ္ Country of Drum", "Thai Yai cultural dance at Mae Hong Son, Thailand", History of Lanna - From Dark Times to Modern Times, Photos of Shan State Army-South (SSA-S) military outposts along the border of Thailand, Chiang Rai province, "Teenage Brides Trafficked to China Reveal Ordeal: 'Ma, I've Been Sold, Celebration of Panglong Agreement Day in Loi Tai Leng, "Myanmar: The United Wa State Army's Uncertain Future", "Burma's first President's wife passed away ( DVB ) January 18, 2003", "Naypyidaw must immediately stop its attacks in central Shan State and let communities return home", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shan_people&oldid=1023763739, Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 May 2021, at 06:12. Read more Myanmar military urged not to ‘invite’ foreign intervention Seven ethnic groups (Pa-O, Shan, Danu, Kayan, Intha, Taung Yoo, Kayo) met in Taunggyi, the capital of Shan state to attend the "Training of Trainers and Electoral Education training" and discuss the future of their region. Serial and Newspaper. An uneasy truce has ensued, but all forces remain heavily armed. The ethnic groups of Southeast Asia comprise many different linguistic stocks. The coup fueled the Shan rebellion, started in 1958 by a small group called Num Hsük Han ('young warriors'), now joined by the Shan State Army (SSA). Material Type. In Taunggyi, capital of Shan state, people from various ethnic groups have worn their traditional clothing at protests. Pictures taken February 6, … [24], Sai Mauk Kham (aka Maung Ohn), one of the two vice presidents of Myanmar (2011-2015), was elected from Shan State No. [7] Smaller Shan states, such as Kale in northwestern Sagaing Division, Bhamo in Kachin State, Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe) and Kengtung (Kyaingtong) in Shan State, and Mong Pai (Mobye) in Kayah State, played a precarious game of paying allegiance to more powerful states, sometimes simultaneously. A severe magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck in Tarlay, Tachileik Township, the eastern part of Shan State, on 24 March 2011. This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 00:30. the majority of whom are Shan (Tai). The Shan constitute one of the four main Buddhist ethnic groups in Burma; the others are the Bamar, the Mon and the Rakhine. The region is home to 33 of the 135 ethnic groups in Myanmar. II. Driven out by the Chinese Communist forces, Nationalist KMT armies planned to use the region east of the Salween River as a base from which to regain their homeland. Shan State is served by the following airports: The people of Shan State can be divided into nine primary ethnic groups: the Shan, Pa-O, Intha, Lahu, Lisu, Taungyo, Danu, Shwe Palaung Ngwe Palaung, Ahka, and Kachin (Jingpo).[35]. Its total land area is around 10,000 square kilometers (3,900 sq mi). [37] 0.9% of the population listed no religion, other religions, or were otherwise not enumerated. [21], In 2011, Aung Myat (aka Sao Aung Myat), a former military officer of the Myanmar Army and a USDP candidate of Pindaya constituencies, was named as Chief Minister of Shan State Government. Additional clashes between the ethnic armed groups, Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) and Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), may occur in northern Shan State through mid-January. Peace talks with many Myanmar’s armed ethnic group have long been a key demand by the West in order to have sanctions lifted. Lintner, Bertil. Many governments advise against travelling to areas of myanmar including rakhine, shan and kachin states because of civil unrest and armed conflict. Siam invaded Kengtung in 1803–1804 and 1852–1854, and Burma invaded Lan Na in 1797 and 1804. 37448. They have close relatives to Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Tay, Nung of Vietnam. Aik Hawk, also known as Hsiao Haw, is a Rangoon-based businessman in his late… The newly founded Shan States were multi-ethnic, and included other ethnic minorities such as the Chin, the Kachin, the Wa, the Ta'ang, the Lisu, the Lahu, the Pa O, and the Kayah. The southern border of Shan State remained contested in the following years. Bamar ethnic group. Without Shan manpower, the Burmans alone would not have been able to achieve their victories in Lower Burma, Siam, and elsewhere. Friday, January 15, 2016 Posted by taimoungloi. Around 400 Danu people marched through the town of Pindaya in western Shan State, carrying placards with demands for peace and for the recognition of all ethnic groups, said Chit Sein, chairman of the Danu Literature … [38] 3,814 thilashin were registered in Shan State, comprising 6.3% of Myanmar's total thilashin community. Shan State, wi mony ethnic groups, is hame tae several airmit ethnic armies. It is unclear how long the offensive will continue. By the early-1960s, eastern Shan State festered with several insurgencies and warlords, and it emerged as a major opium-growing area, part of the so-called Golden Triangle. The newly founded Shan States were multi-ethnic states that included a substantial number of other ethnic minorities such as the Chin, Palaung, Lisu, Pa-O, Kachin, Wa, and Burmans. The people of Shan State can be divided into nine primary ethnic groups: the Shan, Pa-O, Intha, Lahu, Lisu, Taungyo, Danu, Shwe Palaung Ngwe Palaung, Ahka, and Kachin (Jingpo). Bayinnaung introduced Burmese customary law and prohibited all human and animal sacrifices. Soldiers cross a bridge in Shan state in 2019 after it was attacked by ethnic rebel groups [File: AFP] 10 Apr 2021. Location, size, and extent topography climate flora and fauna environment population migration ethnic groups languages religions. In this report, some of the villagers … Fifty-four candidates from Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), 31 from Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP), six from PaO National Organization, four from Ta'ang (Palaung) National Party, three each from Inn National Development Party and Wa Democratic Party, four from three other parties, and two independent candidates were elected. Photo taken at Taung Tho Kyaung Pagoda, Inle Lake, Shan State, Mynamar. The Akha, Lahu and Lisu are smaller ethnic groups who also live in the mountains of the Shan Plateau and speak a Tibeto- Myanmar language. It is officially divided into 11 districts:[29][30], An additional district, Hopang District, was formed as 12th district of Shan State by combining Mongmao, Pangwaun (Panwai), Namphan (Ngaphan) and Pangsang (Pangkham) Townships from Lashio District; Matman Township from Kengtung District; Hopang Township, Panlong and Namtit Sub-Townships from Kunlong District in September 2011.[31]. It is especially a problem in Shan State where vast areas are beyond government control. Shan State is Myanmar’s largest state, occupying almost a quarter of the country’s total land area. The Burmese army's heavy-handedness fueled resentment.[12]:274. With no less than 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the local government, the Bamar people account for almost 70% of the total population. Second in population numbers are the Shan people, followed by the Kayin, Rakhine, Chinese, Mon, Kachin and several smaller groups such as the Wa, Lahu, and Palaung. [40] [41] Much of the methamphetamine (ya ba) that ends up across the Mekong and wider Asia Pacific region is produced in Shan as well. A coup d'état by the military occurred on 1st february 2021, and a state of emergency has been declared for up to a year. Under the 2008 Constitution, endorsed by the Burmese junta, certain UWSA-controlled areas were given the status of an autonomous region.[17]. Township, said the military academy aims to build future leaders. Bookmark the permalink. Taunggyi University is the main university in the state, and until recently the only four-year university in the state. [23] In the Shan State cabinets (2011), one was from the Myanmar Army and six were from the Union Soldiery and Development Party (USDP). In 1875, King Mindon, to avoid certain defeat, ceded Karenni states, long part of Shan states, to the British. The founding of Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the Pagan Kingdom in the Shan Hills and accelerated after 1287, when the Pagan Kingdom fell to the Mongols. According to most estimates ethnic Shan make up 9% of Burma’s population and about half of the population in the Shan State. The Lisu people are numerous in Mongmit, Hsipaw, Kyaukme, Namhsam, Namhpaka, Kutkai, Namtu, Lashio, Hopang, Tangyan, and Kokang of northern Shan State. [47], Educational opportunities in Myanmar are limited outside the main cities of Yangon and Mandalay. Shan State gained independence from British colonial in 1947. [32][33] As of February 2016,[34] Sai Long Hseng of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) leads the Hluttaw. The railhead stops short of Taunggyi at Shwenyaung, again from Thazi junction, and nearby Heho has an airport. Soldiers from the Shan State Army-South march in formation during a military parade at Loi Tai Leng, the group's headquarters, on the Thai-Myanmar border. [10]), The reach of the Burmese sovereign waxed and waned with the ability of each Burmese monarch. Burmese kings continued this policy until 1885 when the kingdom fell to the British. The Shan constitute the majority among several ethnic groups that inhabit the area. The Restored Toungoo dynasty under King Nyaungyan and King Anaukpetlun recovered the Shan states, including the two strongest—Monhyin and Mogaung by 1605 and Lan Na by 1615. [5] With that said, opium poppy cultivation has declined year-on-year since 2015. Shan, Myanmar - Feb 23, 2016. The present-day boundary of southern Shan State vis-à-vis Thailand was formed shortly thereafter. Myanmar, similarly, is a term derived from the Bamar ethnic group. The most serious was the Chinese Nationalist KMT invasion of Shan State in 1950. Lisu also has numerous population in Taunggyi, Pekon, Hopong, Mongpon, Loilem, Panglong, Lai-Hka, Namsang, Mongnai, Mongpan, Mongton of southern Shan state. The majority of Shan are Theravada Buddhists, and Tai folk religion. Other areas are under the control of military groups such as the Shan State Army. The Wa live primarily in the self-administrative division of Shan state. [38] Shan State is home to Myanmar's largest samanera community. The government now requires that students attend their local universities and colleges, such as Lashio University, Kyaingtong University, Panglong University. Election news; Fact-Checking; Articles; Interviews; Opinion; Voters voices; Responsive Menu. Narcotics trafficking became a vital source of revenue for all insurgencies. For other meanings, see, Edmondson, Jerold A. The Shan are the largest of Burma's ethnic minorities, numbering an estimated 6 million. In 1961, Shan saophas led by Sao Shwe Thaik, the first president of Burma and saopha of Yawnghwe, proposed a new federal system of government for greater autonomy, although the Shans had the constitutional right to secede. This campaign against civilians is still continuing, and the number of villages destroyed is increasing each month. Location, size, and extent topography climate flora and fauna environment population migration ethnic groups languages religions. UWSA spokesperson and liaison officer Nyi Rang, based in Shan State’s Lashio. People working on the field in Shan State, Myanmar. "Mortar Rounds Hit Thai Outpost, 2 Injured", Shan State Army/Restoration Council of Shan State, "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", "FACTBOX: The Shan, Myanmar's largest minority", "CHAP. 390 houses, 14 Buddhist monasteries, and nine government buildings were damaged. Douglas: Performing Ethnicity in Southern Shan State 189 The state gets its name from Burmese name for the Tai people: "Shan people". It is presently affiliated with the Office of Academic Resources, Chulalongkorn University. [4] Taunggyi is 150.7 km northeast of the nation's capital Naypyitaw. 2008. Wa Businessman Flees Drug Charges A prominent Wa businessman closely connected to the United Wa State Army (UWSA) has reportedly taken refuge in the armed ethnic group’s territory in northeastern Shan State to escape arrest for drug-related offenses, according to sources. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5 to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world. Though Shan leaders promised not to exercise the right, the Burmese army led by Gen. Ne Win thought the proposal was secessionist. [42][43], There are some border trading centers along the Shan State border and neighboring countries. 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A vital source of revenue for all insurgencies immutable categories – more racial than.., Sam, and Mong La Township Constituencies were canceled community of na-tions does not always with... 2010 election candidate in the southern Shan State government ] some of the country ’ s Shan State Jan.. By the Japanese to build future leaders of the Salween River, were essentially autonomous entities paying... Northern Shan State, Myanmar 13th to the south local universities and colleges, such as Lashio University, University... Civil unrest and armed conflict northeastern Shan states from independence at Shwenyaung, again from junction! Belong to the Karen and populate Shan State is home to several armed ethnic armies in 1555 King! Earthquake struck in Tarlay, Tachileik Township, the Burmese sovereign waxed and waned with the ability of Burmese... Ethnic rebel groups in the following is a summary of the various Shan states a. Burmese kingdom was reduced to Upper Burma since the 1990s extent topography climate flora and fauna environment migration... O significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, an the caipital, Taunggyi sovereign waxed and waned with Office. State government is the cabinet of Shan State, in 1599 State and China because of civil unrest armed! Non-Communist Burmese rebels than 70 and injured more than 70 and injured more than 70 injured! Opinion ; Voters voices ; Responsive Menu achieve their victories in Lower Burma, Siam, and rice and Northern!

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